Scientists from the University of Illinois (USA) have found out why many still believe in conspiracy theories. Studies published in the journal PLoS ONE showed that people find it difficult to recognize conspiracy theories if they already believe in them.
In two experiments involving approximately 250 people, attempts were made to assess the perception of conspiracy theories. In the first study, volunteers were asked to read short news articles, half of which contained information about conspiracy theories. The second study used statements related to conspiracy theories but not taken from the media, such as vaccination or 5G networks.
The second study also included an additional element: half of the volunteers were given the definition of conspiracy theories in advance. Participants had to assess the truthfulness of the article or statement and determine if it contained a conspiracy theory.
It was found that the stronger the volunteers believed in the article or statement, the harder it was for them to recognize the conspiracy theory. Participants were also less likely to correctly identify conspiracy theories when quick decision-making was required. However, those who received the definition of conspiracy theories beforehand were more likely to identify them.
Scientists noted that the ability to correctly understand conspiracy theories by criteria did not reduce the likelihood of participants believing in their existence. This indicates that debunking conspiracy theories may not change people’s beliefs.
According to the authors of the study, such debunking may repel citizens and hinder them from accepting rational arguments.
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